Comparing Sexuality in Greys Riders of the Purple Sage...

Sexuality of the Frontierswoman in Greys Riders of the Purple Sage and Doctorows Welcome to Hard Times The presentation of femininity in Doctorows Welcome to Hard Times is a strong departure from the heroine of Zane Greys Riders of the Purple Sage. Through the metaphor of the gun as the embodiment of masculinity, both authors closely examine the complexities of the sexualized relationship of a frontierswoman to the men of her society. Doctorow mirrors the tensions present in Greys novel though Molly acts as an extraordinarily different vision of what the West required of a woman than Jane Withersteen. Both novels reach a sexual climax as the heroine engages the men of her society in a violent action of blood and birth.†¦show more content†¦The book opens with the failure of Blues manhood. He, bearing the title of Mayor, failed to have both the courage and the skill to protect the town, especially the women, from the Bad Man. Molly mocks his failure even as she watches Blue fill the cylinders of [his] gun: Christ that Bad Mans the only man in town!...I cant believe it...u sing a lady, for Godsake, marching brave behind a ladys skirts (Doctorow 16). This moment, with Blue symbolically taking up his manhood and with Molly simultaneously deriding his status as a man, encompasses much of the tension between the failed masculinity of the citizens of Hard Times and their feminine counterparts. Ultimately, Blues gun fails him and he is saved from the Bad Mans superior skill and ruthlessness only by Mollys struggling and pulling (19). Doctorows portrayal of failed masculinity as the founding sin of Hard Times contrasts strongly with the more traditional Western. Zane Greys Riders of the Purple Sage is a close parallel in many ways to the opening of Welcome to Hard Times. The scene opens with the Bad Man of the piece, Tull, preparing to whip Venters. Venters failure to defend himself comes as a result of surrendering his guns to Janes safekeeping. This symbolic castration leaves him at the mercy of the other men, and leaving him behind a ladys skirts (Doctorow 16). Jane risks herself and places herself in the enmity of the community by defending

Summary Of Hard And Soft Roi - 1668 Words

Summary of Hard and Soft ROI In summation, return on investments (ROI) and its historical roots involving the Du Pont system have an extensive history which paved the way for cost accounting, financial accounting, and capital accounting. The (ROI) and (ROE) formulas are prominent in accounting, textbooks, and finance as well as health care professionals who use these formulas. Then, hard and soft benefits of projects vary depending on the for-profit and not-for-profit organization. The soft benefit also known as (qualitative data) is most useful for when a project team wishes to explore the root causes of project success or failure. Overall, hard methods primarily use data collection measure for objective realism. When it comes to softer†¦show more content†¦It can overall increase productivity and profit in the long-term. For instance, my workplace instills usage of electronic medical records for new and current patients for efficiency, productivity, and accuracy for the lo ng-term of patients dental x-rays and health history. The costs involved are considerable and hard to calculate depending on the fees and licensing. According to, (Health Resources and Services Administration, 2016), a persistent problem is demonstrating a return on investment from an (EHR) implementation is often times challenging and may be even more difficult for smaller practices. The cost and effort involved from staff and management is difficult, but necessary to carry out productivity for implementation of (EHR). Every company practice is different and every practice must adapt to changes of implementing (EMR) for the duration of patient accuracy. Aside from the challenges, cost, and effort of implementing (EMR)’s in health care organizations, there is a desire to generate a return on investment (ROI) from them. Besides the disadvantages of (EMR)’s the advantages pose great benefits to patient care and efficiency. The greater use of electronic medical records or health records can reduce wait times, of seeing doctors or waiting for test results. All staff would need to cohesively work out the technical challenges and software data. With sophisticated ITShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Adopting Electronic Health Records1275 Words   |  6 Pagesa recap from our last meeting, hard and soft ROI represents various benefits which can be included and used in an ROI analysis. The hard benefits are the direct benefits which are tied to the impact of implementing the proposed solution. Soft benefits on the other hand are less easy to quantify and rely on. Soft benefits are often referred to as indirect, because they rely on a number of steps in order for the benefit to be realized. 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A Handbook of Management and Leadership A Guide to Managing for Resul

Question: Describe about A Handbook of Management and Leadership: A Guide to Managing for Results? Answer: Introduction Employees have always been referred to as the most valuable assets of an organisation(Hellriegel John W. Slocum, 2011). They put in endless efforts everyday in order to ensure that organisations decisions are transformed into actions which help achieving desired goals and performance objectives. They are regarded as an unsurpassed vital resource for an organisation and the issues related to their motivation have been seen as a indispensable part of the human resource strategies (Hossain Hossian, 2012). Motivation can be defined as the force which acts within an individuals and makes him decide to behave in a specific, goal oriented manner(Herzberg, et al., 2011). Motivation refers to the motives of the employees that determine their productivity thus it is essential to ensure that employee motivation is channelized in a manner that help achieving organisational goals(Adair, 2009). In order to remain competitive in todays dynamic marketplace organisations must ensure that they are a ttracting talented employees and have strategies to retain them, they must allow and facilitate employees to perform tasks for which they were hired and must stimulate and encourage employee to think beyond their routine jobs and realise their full potential and creativity while focusing on innovation. Problem This report aims at studying the lack of motivation faced by employees at McDonalds and how it is affecting their overall effectiveness and efficiency. Due to low motivation and a lack of job satisfaction employees at McDonalds do not consider their jobs as a means of long-term career growth (Nawaz, 2011). They just come to workplace to earn their living and are hardly interested in the growth of the organisation. Many of long term McDonalds employees have claimed that they do not feel motivated nor are provided enough opportunities to use their creativity and do things differently. They feel a lack of learning and thus see no growth in this sector. Due to all these factors McDonalds is being recognised as a company that witnesses highest employee turnover (Nawaz, 2011). Employees who are de-motivated tend to lack commitment and put in less effort. Standards of customer service are also affected adversely when employees experience lack of motivation and thus job satisfaction. It has been noted that employees who are happy and satisfied tend to enhance customer service experience. As it is said one cannot make others happy when one is happy inside. Founded in year 1940 by Richard and Maurice McDonald, McDonalds Corporation today is recognised as the worlds largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants (McDonald's, 2015). McDonalds has around 35,000 outlets in 119 countries from where they serve around 68 million customers every day. With 1.9 million employees working either for franchises or actual corporation McDonalds has become the worlds second largest private employer. This report analyses the employee motivation issues faced by some of the McDonalds in UK. In-spite of being a big brand in the fast food industry McDonalds still commit the same fault as performed by other fast food companies. Like every other fast food company McDonalds too offer McJobs to their employees. McJob is a term used to define a type of job generally related to retail or service industry that are low paid and does not demand specific skills and qualifications (Nawaz, 2011). These types of jobs experience high employee turnover mainly due to lack of motivation. Such type of jobs fails to satisfy the basic needs of the employees thus they are not at all influenced to stick with them for long time. Some of the main reasons that have lead to the decrease in employee motivation are; Managers at McDonalds apply Taylors scientific theory according to which in order to achieve maximum output from employees they must be supervised closely and should be made to work under pressure (Hossain Hossian, 2012). Poor employer-employee relations, less rewards, lack of learning and low wages are some of reasons for employee de-motivation as well (Nawaz, 2011). Monotonous nature of job wherein employees are directed how to carry out their day to day operations and are not expected to use their creativity. Employees at some of the McDonalds also face problems related to micromanagement wherein they are not involved in decision making process and are informed that their capabilities are not trusted owing to which employees show disengagement and feel highly de-motivated. There is lack of effective communication which leads to uncertainty and insecurity. After employees have completed 2-3 years in the job they start feeling insecure as they know the company can terminate them anytime as they can easily find cheap labor to get the same job done. This fact does not encourage employee to plan their long-term career with companies like McDonalds. McDonalds in order to keep their operations cost minimum so that they can offer cost advantage to their customers generally fail at meeting the basic needs of its employee which is leads to employee de-motivation. All these factors have adverse affects on employee motivation at McDonalds leading to reduced productivity and performance effectiveness. Employees are not committed to their jobs thus do not take too many pains to ensure customers are provided with high quality services. It is high time McDonalds must make necessary changes and implement motivational approaches and theories to increase employee motivation which in turn will ensure desired organisational goals are achieved. Method There are a number of motivational theories, concepts and models that can be implemented by McDonalds in order to increase employee motivation and ensure high productivity and quality performance. One of primary motivational principle defines performance as a function of individuals ability and motivation (Mullins, 2011). This can be represented by the formula stated below: Performance = f (ability * motivation) Ability in this case includes an individuals inherited talented as well as learned competencies which are used to perform goal oriented tasks (Mukherjee, 2005). In order to understand and implement various motivational theories and approaches it is essential to understand the motivational process which is divided into six core phases namely; identifying individual needs, finding ways to satisfy those needs, employees are made to select goal-directed behaviours, employee starts performing, employee is either rewarded or punished based on their performance and lastly employee receives feedback based on which he redefines his need deficiencies (Jr, 2005). Motivation is goal oriented wherein a goal represents something that is desired by an individual. There are a number of sources of motivation which can be broadly classified into two broad categories namely; intrinsic and extrinsic sources (Fox, 2007). Intrinsic motivated behaviour is reinforcement of behaviour that forces an individual to find a job and then feel the job is interesting. Extrinsic sources of motivation refer to the external sources such as rewards and recognitions (Miner, 2005). Content theories and process theories are the two broad categories into which several theories of motivation have been divided (Kitchin, 2010). Motivational theories help identifying factors that affect human behaviours in different ways. Content Theories As stated by content theories of motivation all individuals have needs and there are certain factors that drive them to act in a manner so that they can satisfy their needs resulting in motivation(Murray, et al., 2006). There are a number of content theories which can be applied by McDonalds in order to identify factors that can enhance employee motivation. Process Theories Process theory studies the way employees needs themselves influence their behaviour (Ranganayakulu, 2005). According to this theory people are motivated to achieve a goal when they feel they goal is worth the effort. Individuals tend to display good perform when they are aware they will be paid equally well in return. There a several motivational theories which can be applied by McDonalds in order to overcome the issues related to low employee motivation. Needs Hierarchy Model Formulated by Abraham H. Maslow this model suggests that people have exceptionally high needs that are complex in nature and can be arrange in a hierarchical pattern(Herzberg, et al., 2011). According to this model once a needs has been satisfied its motivational impact declines. Employers must focus on satisfying lower level needs prior to higher level needs and higher level needs can be satisfied in many ways while there are few ways of satisfying lower level needs(Fox, 2007). This model has categorized human needs into five broad categories and has arranged them in form of a pyramid wherein the lowest level forms the base of the pyramid and the highest level need forms the cone. The five categories of needs arranged in an increase level of priority are; physiological needs, security needs, affiliation needs, esteem and self-actualisation needs (Shajahan, 2007). This theory can prove to be very effective for McDonalds and will greatly help them in satisfying basic needs of their em ployee who in turn will be motivated to deliver high performance and show commitment towards their jobs. Physiological needs: These are the lowest level needs and refer to an individuals desire for air, water, food and shelter (Armstrong Stephens, 2005). In order to satisfy these needs individuals are ready to take and job for which they are paid. Unless these needs are satisfied no individual can focus on satisfying higher level needs. As McDonalds is able to satisfy these needs people who only work for money are willing to take these job however they show very low level of job commitment. Security Needs: These are needs which people tend to satisfy once their physiological needs are satisfied. Need for safety, absence of threat, pain and illness and stability come under level of needs (Bonnici, 2011). McDonalds is able to provide their employee a healthy and safe work environment which is free from threats however they lack in providing stability to their employees. The wages offered to employees are too low to enhance stability. Affiliation Needs: This category of needs include individuals need for love, friendship and feeling of belonging (Daft, 2014). In a professional context this need define a desire for healthy employer-employee relationship. As stated earlier McDonalds has not been able to develop a healthy employer-employee relationship as they feel people tend to perform better in a supervised and pressurised state. Managers are responsible for ensuring their employees display high productivity and are not much concerned about their growth and development. Esteem Needs: This category refer to employees desire for feelings of self-worth, respect, recognition and achievements (Herzberg, et al., 2011). McDonalds do have rewards and recognition programs however they are not sufficient enough to motivate employees. Employees are expected to perform tasks as directed and are not enough to participate in decision making. As a result employee feel they are not important for the company and are not treated with respect and integrity Self-Actualisation Needs: This is the highest level need which employee tend to satisfy once all lower level needs are satisfied. This represent employees desire to realise their full potential and be what they want to be (Jr, 2005). McDonalds is not at all concerned about satisfying employees self actualisation needs. Very less focus is given to employee training and development thus limiting their learning. Processes are predefined thus leaving no space for employees to us their creativity. In order to implement the needs hierarchy model to increase employee motivation managers at McDonalds will have to focus on effective communication and conduct frequent one to one meetings and group discussions that will help them understand their employees better and identify their needs. Motivator-Hygiene Model Designed by Fredrick Herzberg and his associated the Motivator-Hygiene model is also called two-factor theory (Herzberg, et al., 2011). According to this theory motivators and hygiene are two sets of factors that are responsible for creating job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction (Daft, 2014). Motivators refer to factors like achievements, advancements, challenge, feedback, work itself, responsibility and recognition(Daft, 2014). These factors help creating a positive perception about the job and its contents. Motivators can also be referred to as intrinsic factors as they are internal to the individual and are related to the job directly. Hygiene factors are related to salaries, company policy and administrations, job security, benefits, working conditions and interpersonal relations(Herzberg, et al., 2011). As they are external to the job they are also called as extrinsic factors. As discussed earlier McDonalds needs to seriously work to improve their motivators and hygiene factors. Managers must identify factors that enhance employee motivation at workplace resulting in improved effectiveness and efficiency. Equity Theory As stated by this theory individuals have a tendency to compare the ratio of their own input/outputs at the workplace to the ratio of input/output of other individual (Kitchin, 2010). Any inequality among ratios leads to job dissatisfaction and influence employees to find ways to restore quality (Moyles, 2006). In case of McDonalds their employees must be finding good inequality ratios thus are motivated to switch jobs due to which the company has to face high turnover. Expectancy Theory According to this theory people are rational beings who have definite set of goals and can be motivated if their expectations are met (Northouse, 2010). In order to meet the expectations of the employees it is important to inform them that their efforts will always be rewarded wither monetarily or by non-financial means(Daft, 2014). All these motivational theories and models can be implemented by McDonalds to solve the problems associated with low employee motivation and also to enhance their commitment towards their job, overall productivity and performance efficiency. Solution Employees at McDonalds face a serious issue of low motivation which is greatly affecting their overall productivity, performance and commitment. Its high time McDonalds must work on ways that will help increasing job satisfaction and motivation at workplace. A survey conducted among some of McDonalds employees has helped identifying factors they feel inspire them to work with McDonalds, more than 60% of employees strongly agreed with the factors being their motivators to work such as, flexible working hours, provision of food facilities and no specific skill requirement to get a job. They survey also helped identifying factors that are leading to high de-motivation among employees, more than 75% of employees strongly agreed with the factors being reason for low motivation such as; very low wages, poor employer-employee relationship, monotonous nature of work, lack or reward and recognitions and no focus on employee growth and learning. In order to overcome the problem of low employee motivation which result in high employee turnover and low productivity McDonalds must make efforts to bring some improvement in wages paid to employees and introduce an attractive reward and recognition program. Managers at McDonalds must focus on effective communication and improving their relationships with employees. Attempts must be made to identify the needs of employees and then making efforts to satisfy the lower level needs first. McDonalds must ensure that motivators and Hygiene factors that lead to high employee motivation must be in place and work efficiently. McDonalds must focus on training and development of employees in order to satisfy their learning needs and provide them ample growth opportunities so that they are motivated to show high commitment to their job. References Adair, J., (2009) Leadership and Motivation: The Fifty-Fifty Rule and the Eight Key Principles of Motivating Others. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Armstrong, M. Stephens, T., (2005) A Handbook of Management and Leadership: A Guide to Managing for Results. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Bonnici, C. A., (2011) Creating a Successful Leadership Style: Principles of Personal Strategic Planning. RL Education: RL Education. Daft, R., (2014) The Leadership Experience. New York: Cengage Learning. Fox, W., (2007) Managing Organisational Behaviour. Cape Town: Juta and Company Ltd. Hellriegel, D. John W. Slocum, J., (2011) Organisational Behaviour. New York: Cengage Learning. Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. Snyderman, B. B., (2011) The Motivation to Work. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. Hossain, M. Hossian, A., (2012) Factors Affecting Employee Motivation In The Fast Food Industry: The Case of KFC UK Ltd.. Reseach Journal of Economics, Business and ICT, 5(1), pp. 21-30. Jr, J. E. B., (2005) Motivation and Transactional, Charismatic, and Transformational Leadership: A Test of Antecedents. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 11(4), pp. 25-39. Kitchin, D., (2010) An Introduction to Organisational Behaviour for Managers and Engineers. New Jersey: Routledge. McDonald's, (2015) About Us. [Online] Available at: https://www.mcdonalds.co.uk/ukhome.html [Accessed 2015]. Miner, J. B., (2005) Organizational Behavior: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. New York: M.E. Sharpe. Moyles, J., (2006) Effective Leadership And Management In The Early Years. Boston: McGraw-Hill International. Mukherjee, S., (2005) Organisation Management And Business Communication. New Delhi: New Age International. Mullins, L. J., (2011) Essentials of Organisational Behaviour. London: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Murray, P., Poole, D. Jones, G., (2006) Contemporary Issues in Management and Organisational Behaviour. Sydney: Cengage Learning Australia. Nawaz, A. S. M. S., (2011) Employee motivation: A study on some selected McDonalds in the UK. African Journal of Business Management, 5(14), pp. 5541-5550. Northouse, P. G., (2010) Leadership: Theory and Practice. London: SAGE. Ranganayakulu, K., (2005) Organisational Behaviour. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers Dist. Shajahan, S., (2007) Organisation Behaviour. New Delhi: New Age International.

Marshall mathers lp 2 by Eminem free essay sample

Will the Marshall Mathers LP 2 be a classic like the first LP? The Marshall Mathers LP 2 (MMLP2) was released on November 5, 2013 and it is Eminem’s latest album produced by himself, with the help of Dr. Dre and Rick Rubin, who produced many hits like the Beastie Boys– licensed to ill, and Run DMC– Raising Hell. One of Eminem’s hit singles, Berzerk, took kind of an old school style of rap that isn’t seen to often in the music that we hear today. When you hear Berzerk for the first time, you kind of get that Beastie Boys feel to it and it is something that many rappers today wouldn’t be able to achieve, making Eminem a one of a kind hip-hop artist once again. For people who don’t know, the MMLP2 is a sequel to his first recorded album, the MMLP, which was his best selling album of all time and received 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Marshall mathers lp 2 by Eminem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 26 million copies purchased within the first week. The MMLP2 has received only 792,000 copies in the first week. Although the MMLP2 hasnt sold as much as the first LP, Eminem has still placed very high in the charts at number 2 for album sales within the first week, passing Drake’s new album, Nothing Was The Same, but falling just short of number one behind Justin Timberlake’s album, The 20/20 Experience. Eminem really has done a great job of making this album like the first LP. The first Marshall Mathers LP is a young Shady type of music and you can tell that Eminem has really matured in his rap. Before, Eminem was very vulgar and blunt about everything he said on the first album. However Eminem is still sort of vulgar and blunt, he raps with a new style and he has meaning behind his lyrics. When Eminem was young, he made a song that threw a lot of shots at his mother, Debbie Mathers, and on this new album he apologized in the song, Headlights. On the first LP, Em’s best selling song was Stan and it still is a classic to this day, so the sequel to Stan is the intro to the MMLP2, which is called Bad Guy. Songs like: Wicked Ways, So far, Beautiful Pain, Headlights, Rhyme or Reason, Legacy, and Rap God, all have a unique beat to them and they portray genres like rock while Eminem raps to them. Eminem’s ability to rap to a rock type beat shows that he can rap to any beat that is thrown his way, making him a truly unique rapper, if not the best of all time. If you really want to get the full â€Å"chill-thrilling† effect of what Eminem is saying, you have to understand what Eminem has been through in his life and you have to focus in on his lyrics and I guarantee that you will really feel what Eminem’s lyrics mean if you understand the young Eminem from back in the day. He now raps to a more mature rap level then he once did before. Em wanted to go back to his roots from when he first started rapping and I really think that he succeeded. Everybody should buy his album because it will be a classic!

Xpresso Lube’s service package Essay Essay Example

Xpresso Lube’s service package Essay Paper 1. Describe the Xpresso Lube’s service bundle?Xpresso Lube’s service bundle being alone and first of its sort provides assorted other services other than lube oil alteration. It provides for a scope of javas. a waiting country with good insides. music system and reading stuff appealing to different involvements. In the nucleus country of operations ( lube oil alteration ) . Xpresso provides an chance to the clients to see an anomalousness found in their auto. It besides provided transit installation to clients. 2. How are the typical features of a service operation illustrated by Xpresso Lube?The typical features of service operation illustrated by Xpresso Lube are as given below: ( a ) Emphasis was laid on client experience at the service station. ( B ) Comfortable waiting suites. java and music highlighted the aesthetics aspect ( degree Celsius ) Employed lifts alternatively of cavities to ease the clients holding a expression at the jobs in their autos ( vitamin D ) Provided transit which ensured that the clients were non worried about their commutation while their auto was being serviced ( vitamin E ) The clients were presented with right facts and honestness on portion of the station was paramount. We will write a custom essay sample on Xpresso Lube’s service package Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Xpresso Lube’s service package Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Xpresso Lube’s service package Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 4. What elements of Xpresso Lube’s location contribute to its success? The assorted geographical factors which contribute to Xpresso Lubes success are: 1. A thriving concern community2. Xpresso Lube’s location on a chief street near the university attracts a wide spectrum of clients3. Close propinquity of Xpresso Lube to local stores where people can see while their autos are being serviced. 5. Given the illustration of Xpresso Lube. what other services could be combined to â€Å"add value† for the client?

Prevention And Intervention Of Adolescence Alcohol Abuse Social Work Essay Essays

Prevention And Intervention Of Adolescence Alcohol Abuse Social Work Essay Essays Prevention And Intervention Of Adolescence Alcohol Abuse Social Work Essay Essay Prevention And Intervention Of Adolescence Alcohol Abuse Social Work Essay Essay Alcohol, drug, depression, sexual behaviour, these jobs are interact by each other which impose an highly negative influence on modern-day young person. Apparently, different states have their ain concrete state of affairs and typical phenomena. In the paper, I would wish to discourse some effectual and utile bar and intercession attacks depending on Hong Kong. There are different theoretical accounts of intoxicant intervention such as cognitive behaviour theoretical account, medical theoretical account, biopsychosocial attack and so on. Different intervention and intercession program has different focal point and characteristic. Just like instruction plan, a sort of prevalent attack which applied in bar phases, people hold different version. The instruction plan is uneffective and has non offered utile cognition and accomplishments to chair and cut down the intoxicant ingestion. ( Collins A ; Keene, 2000 ) . Collins and Keene stated that that while degrees of cognition can be increased, supplying information on intoxicant issues and jobs does non take to behavior alteration . ( 2000, p.97 ) On the other manus, some research workers think instruction plan is necessary especial in bar phase. Prevention phase are ever related with instruction , which provide utile information and cognition to alarm people remain off from drugs and assist them do a accurate determination when confronting intoxicant and drugs. ( Akers, 1992 ) Besides the instruction plan, cognitive behaviour viewed as an effectual and utile attack. Cognitive behaviour attack is the most appropriate attack for societal workers. Because in the attack, there are tonss of accomplishments and methods belong to the societal work s repertory and it stress the duty, value, authorization of clients. ( Collins A ; Keene, 2000 ) .Ray and Ksir ( 1999 ) stated that Some behavior-management attacks have accepted controlled imbibing as a desirable result and have attempted to learn methods that will copy intoxicant intake. ( P.257 ) . Ray and Ksir argued that behavioural attack can learn clients get bying accomplishments. Some behaviours are taught in bar plans, moreover, healers besides help clients to concentrate on high hazard state of affairs and learn them how to acquire through the hard times. ( 1999 ) . Gorgulho and Tamendarova figure out a new attack called societal norm selling.they stated that it is a comparatively effectual in diminishing utmost imbibing and it stress on equal norms and force per unit areas. Social norm selling apply assorted formal and informal manner to offer accurate information of imbibing forms to those immature people, which can extinguish misconceptions and cut down utmost drinking. ( 2008 ) . Besides, brief intercession and circle of alteration theoretical account are mentioned often in many governments. Brief intercessions are suited for immature intoxicant maltreaters because these immature extreme drinkers ever think the intoxicant ingestion is elementary and no necessary to seek aid. Brief intercession can be a critical first measure in intervention since it provides advice, appraisal and referral. ( Gorgulho A ; Tamendarova, 2008 ) . Cycle of alteration theoretical account is a practical measure to assist cut down drug maltreatment. It focus on seeking the trigger that lead to drug maltreatment, and understand the hazard state of affairs which can supply effectual backsliding bar schemes and offer self-talk. ( Dominelli,2009 ) . Prevention attack can assist underage adolescence stay manner drugs to some extent. Spruit stressed that traditional bar plan aimed at bettering pupils behaviour accomplishments such as learning them how to get by with peer force per unit area and do accurate determination. Secondary bar besides called injury decrease, which used by healthy attention sector and societal attention sector ; assist forestall wellness deteriorating in the hereafter. ( 1998 ) . Beside these effectual and professional theoretical accounts and attacks, societal workers should see the intervention environment and household environment of clients during the whole bar and intercession procedure. To the minor striplings who are alcohol abuser, most of them are vulnerable and down, so they seek solace from intoxicant. When confronting this sort of clients, a safe and trustworthy environment is critical. Muisener argued that when confronting to the clients who have been alcohol abuser or intoxicant victims, societal worker should supply a safe environment. ( as cited in Collins A ; Keene, 2000, P.103 ) . societal workers can smooth relationship -building, particularly in the formation of societal networkers that can give people a feeling of being valued, appreciated and belonging to a broad circle of people. ( Dominelli, 2009, p.121 ) Actually, non merely the intervention environment is of import to the adolescents, their household milieus besides influence their behaviour and emotions. Due to tonss of immature drinkers are influenced by household and equal group in school, so school-family plans seem utile and effectual. The plan aimed at bettering the household working to forestall imbibing jobs by household member and adolescence. ( Gorgulho A ; Tamendarova, 2008 ) The state of affairs in Hong Kong: Actually, the intoxicant maltreatment job among adolescents in Hong Kong has its ain features such as alone cultural background, public attending, the ground of household and equal influence and so on. All the clip, intoxicant imbibing is viewed as a prevailing amusement and single life style and has non being viewed as a serious societal job. From my point of position, the intoxicant cultural is playing an of import function in the whole societal activities. Peoples will hold a drink after work to alleviate force per unit area. Peoples besides will imbibe alcoholic drink when some happy events or jubilations go oning. Lou and Shek stated that in Chinese civilization, people ever drink when they meet friends or holding household assemblage. Because these societal -oriented grounds, tonss of adolescents begin to imbibing. ( 2006 ) . In Hong Kong, the adolescents intoxicant maltreatment is ever associated with five psychosocial factors. They are academic public presentation, temper, attitude, household attitude and organized condemnable groups engagement. Further, Lou and Shek suggested that intoxicant maltreatment brings about many negative effects to adolescents. The influence include behavioural job such as combat, sexual behaviour after rummy, take parting in offense organisations and so on ; healthy job such as liver or tummy hurting and household struggle. ( 2006 ) . Therefore, the intercession and bar program should be established from the five positions. My bar and intercession program: Harmonizing to the specific state of affairs in Hong Kong, I suggest the prevention/ intercession program pay more attending on adolescents psychological state of affairs, populating and analyzing environment. Because of both of them are the most important elements which influence the hereafter development of adolescence. At the beginning, although there are tonss of arguments about the effectivity of instruction plan, I still see instruction plan is a critical portion, particularly in the phase of bar. Actually, how to use instruction plan to better adolescents consciousness is important. The accomplishments, methods, techniques will find whether the plan is effectual or non. Prevention program: To those adolescence that neer drink intoxicant before, the bar program should concentrate on two parts: instruction and communicating acquisition. Education plan: Education plan can supply them current way and utile information. Adolescence is an of import period which imposes a important influence on a individual s whole life. During the period, kids ever full of wonder, and like seeking something disputing and experient alteration in both mental and physical development. At this clip, as a societal worker, we should give more advices and pay more attending in instance of them go astray. However, in the instruction plan, we should offer appropriate advice, if we emphasize do non imbibe to much, it will convey approximately negative effect. For illustration, most adolescents at this age are rebellious and they view imbibing intoxicant as a cryptic escapade and seek it in secret. Therefore, in the instruction plan, those sorts of deadening talks possibly uneffective, I suggest societal workers should utilize several vivid signifiers such as movies or existent experience to exemplify the negative consequence caused by intoxicant. Communicating A ; larning workshop Social workers can join forces with school instructors and staffs to form some activities to assist pupils understand and acknowledge the disadvantages of utmost imbibing. For illustration, ask foring school pupils visit several establishments which help bring around intoxicant maltreaters. After sing, societal workers can promote them hold a treatment or compose a contemplation to depict their ain feelings. By this method, adolescents can grok hazard of utmost imbibing and organize their ain sentiment instead than accomplish sermon passively. Intervention program: To the adolescence who is of all time alcohol user or current intoxicant user, the focal point of attack is different from bar program. Intervention program emphasize amending the behaviour and assist them retrieve every bit shortly as possible in both mental and physical wellness. Appraisal Those adolescents who are utmost imbibing in Hong Kong are ever associated with similar psychosocial correlativity. Some of them are influenced by equal group, some of them are lack of household support and corsets in an unsupervised state of affairs which lead them seek solace from intoxicant. Merely understanding the grounds and triggers behind, we can happen out sound schemes to assist them. The appraisal should include person s household background and state of affairs, person s drink form and their perceptual experiences about intoxicant. From the appraisal, societal workers can get person s accurate information which facilitates set uping following program. Family-school attack From the five psychosocial elements associated with adolescent intoxicant maltreatment in Hong Kong mentioned above, we can happen that Adolescents are easy influenced by their household members and peer schoolmates. From the position of household, societal worker should pass on with the client s parents on a regular basis and happen out the disadvantage of the household operation and parenting form. Then give them advice and inquire the parents to care about their kids more often. From the position of school, societal workers can corporate with instructors and staffs to place the triggers of intoxicant maltreatment like academic emphasis, hapless relationship with schoolmates and so on. And assist them acknowledge the bad state of affairs and effect. Bettering intervention environment Tonss of adolescents are less likely to seek professional aid to cut down their alcohol addiction. On the one manus, a portion of them view intoxicant is elementary, on the other manus, they ever feel vulnerable and incapacitated, they are fear to confront their psychological job. Therefore, societal worker should supply a trust and safety environment. At the beginning of the guidance plan, we can state clients we will maintain secretiveness of their basic information and give them more support and encouragement. Relaxation accomplishment preparation There must be some ground lead to people particularly adolescents addicted in intoxicant. And depression, anxiousness and emphasis these sorts of emotional reactions are frequently involved with the intoxicant maltreatment. During the intercession program, societal workers can use some relaxation accomplishments to assist adolescent quiet down. Helping them release and cut down emphasis and modify their temper. By the method, we can extinguish their tenseness and assist them remain off alcohol measure by measure.

American Civil Liberty And Federal Law Term Paper

American Civil Liberty And Federal Law - Term Paper Example The constitution was basically designed in the way where it could be amended, though it was not easy to design. There are many different textbooks that describe the civil rights era in detail. In the civil rights era, there were number of events that happened during 1950s to 1970s. The movement was essentially at the peak of a great effort that begun almost a century earlier, during the reconstruction era (Latimer 2011). After the civil war, the American political parties â€Å"Congress† approved number of civil right laws, and the U.S government passed amendments to the Constitution. And then a vast change occurred on domestic legislation due to the civil rights movement. This drastic change impacted the movement during Lyndon B Johnson’s government in the 1960s (Stephens and Scheb 2011). There were many leaders who tried to divert the attention to the fact that the number of poor residents of America needed equality in their social right. Most of the people who were poor and having a difficult time in America were majorly black people. It was an intense issue to be solved for the American government. The civil rights act 1964, in which predecessor John F. Kennedy’s efforts brought some difference in the civil rights movement as he worked hard to grab the attention of congress towards requirements to outlaw discrimination on religion, nationality, or gender. President John F. Ke nnedy set social policies, which were for the war on poverty and on the effective growth in the movement for cultural equality.

Family history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Family history - Essay Example My parents would also take us out for a treat after these classes and this was another thing that made us always look forward to Fridays. Both my paternal and maternal uncles and aunts are also staunch Muslims and as a result of this factor, all of my cousins have been brought up to become Muslims. In retrospect, I guess that I never really understood what it meant for one to be a Muslim until my grandparents paid us a long visit during one summer vacation when I was about 9 years old. When my grandparents paid us a visit, I soon noticed that my grandfather had the habit of rolling out his prayer mat and praying up to five times a day. To me, this was oddly peculiar as I was accustomed to seeing my family pray in the morning before everyone left the house for the day and in the evening when we all got back home safely. My curiosity led me to question my grandfather why he was always praying. I will never forget the genial smile that he gave me as his old wrinkled face beamed at me. He picked me up and settled me on his knees and then explained to me that to him, being a good Muslim was not just praying and going to the Mosque every Friday, instead Islam for him was a way of life. He explained to me that to him being a good Muslim should be evident in all his actions and thoughts. As a nine year old kid, what my grandfather said to me that day did not really make any sense but as I grew older, I came to gradually realize the profound wisdom that was embedded in tha t short talk that I had with my grandfather. Although all my paternal and maternal relatives are all Muslims, their devotion to the faith is quite different. While my father’s family is quite devote to the faith, my maternal family is a bit more liberal and most of them do not pray on a daily basis and at times, some of my cousins sometimes fail to go to the mosque on Friday and instead stay at home either watching movies or playing video games.I once asked one of my maternal aunts why

A Vindication of the rights of Woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

A Vindication of the rights of Woman - Essay Example omen’s social status elevated to the point, where women could partake in all aspects of life, while maintaining family life which she did not belittle. The main argument in the Vindication is that current educational and ethical principles on which society is based are utterly erroneous, and instead of enhancing overall development and growth these principles endanger society’s morality. In her concept of moral behavior, Mary Wollstonecraft embedded the â€Å"revolution† in manners and education to ensure that women develop their rationality and intellectual powers, rendering them worthy citizens, entitled to the â€Å"inherent rights of mankind† (Wollstonecraft, 175). Through the analogous use of the â€Å"Rights of Man,† rhetorically epitomized during the French Revolution, Wollstonecraft demanded that women be freed from â€Å"all restraint,† properly educated, and made participants in the â€Å"virtuous equality† of a just civilization (Wollstonecraft, 141, 175). The moral system of Wollstonecraft is largely based on the principle of judicial and intellectual equality of men and women, as she points out: â€Å"To render also the social compact truly equitable, and in order to spread those enlightening principles, which alone can ameliorate the fate of man, women must be allowed to found their virtue on knowledge, which is scar cely possible unless they be educated by the same pursuits as men† (Wollstonecraft, 173). This statement on equal intellectual opportunities should be understood through the perspective that any woman writing on the improvement of women in the later 18th century inevitably interested a conversation dominated by men, a so called â€Å"male-dominated philosophic discourse† (Finke, 20), that obliged her to contend with the discrete and nuanced discourses established by philosophers, political theorists, didactic writers, among others on the subject of women’s role in society. That is the main reason why Mary Wollstonecraft emphasized

Factors that Affect Enzyme Activity

Factors that Affect Enzyme Activity Venessa Daly Objectives: To determine the effect enzyme concentration has on catalase activity To study the effect substrate concentration has on the rate of catalase activity To establish the effect temperature has on the activity of catalase Introduction: Enzymes control almost all cellular reactions. Enzymes are large globular proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions. A catalyst reduces the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur, thus affects the reaction rate. Enzymes are very sensitive, they are affected by temperature and pH. Enzymes work as catalysts by combining with a substrate at the active site to form the enzyme-substrate complex, this then breaks down to release the enzyme and the product. Enzymes are shape specific, which means only substrate molecules with the corresponding shape will combine with the enzyme. This is known as the Lock and Key theory. So, because of this many different enzymes can be present in a cell, acting at the same time but not affecting each other. Enzymes are recovered unchanged from reactions so they can be reused again and again. Eventually, the effectiveness of the enzyme decreases over time and must be replaced.   Enzyme activity can be measured by: measuring the rate of formation of a product and measuring the rate of disappearance of a substance. Catalase is an enzyme found in almost all living organisms. It is a very important enzyme as it prevents the build-up of toxic hydrogen peroxide in cells. It catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 Enzymes are affected by enzyme concentration, substrate concentration and temperature. As enzyme concentration increases the rate of reaction also increases linearly. However, once it reaches a very high enzyme concentration, the substrate concentration reaches a rate-limiting and the rate stops increasing. As the substrate concentration increases, the rate also increases. At higher concentrations, the enzymes become saturated with substrate so there a very few free enzyme molecules. So, adding more substrate would make no difference. The enzyme activity increases as temperature increases until an optimum temperature is reached. Once the optimum temperature is reached, if the temperature is increased any more then there is a decline in enzyme activity. Enzymes become denatured at a high temperature, the enzyme can then no longer carry out its function correctly. Method: A fresh potato was peeled and cut into small cubes. 100g of the tissue was weighed out. The potato, 100ml of cold distilled water and a small amount of crushed ice was placed into a pre-chilled blender. This was then homogenised for 30 seconds at high speed. The potato mixture was filtered. The filtrate was poured into a 100ml graduated cylinder. Cold distilled water was added to bring the volume to 100ml. 100, 75, 50, 25, and 0 units/ml of enzyme concentrations were made up, (the total volume in each should be 40mls). 40ml of 1% H2O2 solution was placed into five different beakers. Forceps were used to fully immerse a glass fibre disc into the first of the catalase solutions (100 units/ml). The disc absorbed the enzyme solution for 5 seconds, it was removed and allowed to drain for 10 seconds. The disc was then dropped into the first beaker of H2O2. The time was then recorded from the moment the disc touched the surface to the moment it reached the surface again. This was done with two separate discs and the average time was got. This was then repeated for each of the enzyme solutions. The rate of reaction versus enzyme concentration was then plotted. 40mls of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 5% and 10% hydrogen peroxide solutions we added to seven separate beakers. Forceps were used to fully immerse a glass fibre disc into 100 units/ml of the catalase solution. It was removed from the catalase after 5 seconds and allowed to drain for 10 seconds. The disc was then dropped into the 0.1% hydrogen peroxide solution. The time was recorded from the moment it touched the surface to the minute it reached the surface again. This was done twice with two separate discs and the average time was got. This was done using all the substrate solutions. The rate of reaction versus substrate concentrations were plotted. Water baths were set up at the temperatures: 0oC, 150C, 250C, 300C, 370C, 450C and 600C. 40mls of 1% hydrogen peroxide and 40mls of enzyme solution were incubated separately at each of the temperatures for 5 minutes. After the 5 minutes, a glass fibre disc was fully immersed into the enzyme solution for 5 seconds at 00C, using forceps. It was then removed and allowed to drain for 10 seconds before the disc was dropped into the beaker of the hydrogen peroxide. The time was recorded from the moment it touched the surface to the moment it reached the surface again. This was done twice using two separate discs each time at each temperature. The rate of reaction versus temperature was then plotted. Results: Concentration Time Average Time 1/Time 25% 22 22 22 0.045455 50% 15 14 14.5 0.068966 75% 14 12 12.5 0.08 100% 10 8 9 0.1111111 Concentration Time Average Time 1/Time 0.1% 46 42 44 0.022727 0.2% 32 29 30.5 0.032787 0.5% 18 16 17 0.058824 0.8% 14 12 13 0.076923 1% 8 10 9 0.11111 5% 5 3 4 0.25 10% 2 1 1.5 0.666667 Temperature (0C) Time Average Time 1/Time 0 16 15 15.5 0.064516 15 13 11 12 0.08 25 10 11 10.5 0.095238 30 10 9 9.5 0.105263 37 5 8 6.5 0.153846 45 9 15 11.5 0.08 60 149 157 153 0.006536 Discussion:       The effect the change of enzyme concentration had on the reaction time of catalase activity can be observed from the graph and table (a). When the enzyme concentration was 25%, the rate of reaction was 22 seconds. However, when the enzyme was at 100% the reaction occurred within 9 seconds. This was a difference of 13 seconds and a concentration change of 75%. The reason there was such a difference in the rate of reaction was because there was more enzyme concentration than substrate so the enzymes could easily react. The change of concentration in the substrate had a huge effect on the rate of reaction of catalase, this can be observed from table and graph (b). The reaction time was 44 seconds when the substrate concentration was 0.1%. When that concentration was 10% the reaction time was a quick 1.5 seconds. This proves that as the concentration of substrate increase so does the rate of reaction. However, if the concentration was continued to be increased eventually there would be very little free enzymes left so the rate of reaction slows down. It is clear from the table and graph (c) that enzymes optimum temperature is 37oC. The rate of reaction increases as the temperature increases up to 37oC, any temperature increase after that causes the rate of reaction to decrease. The enzymes begin to denature in any temperature higher than their optimum temperature. Conclusions: It is very important to understand what affects the rate of reaction in relation to enzymes in catalase activity. Enzymes control nearly all biological reactions, so this means it controls anything from digestion to tissue repair in the body. Enzymes are commonly prescribed to animals when a body process isnt functioning properly. So, it is essential to know what factors affect the productivity of enzymes to enable the correct treatment is given to the animal. Reference: S. Marsden (2008) Enzymes. [Online]. Available at: https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/enzymes [Accessed 18 February 2017].

The Prisoner. A Fragment by Emily Bronte Essay -- Literary Analysis

At the start of the nineteenth century, religion and science coexisted as one. The idea behind the creation of man and nature was seen as the work of God, thus the issue of religion and science were one in the same. As the Victorian era progressed, there was an emergence of scientific thinkers that began to question the creation and miracles of God, which in turn led to turmoil within the Victorian society. What Victorian society had was a constant clashing of ideals between the emerging science group and the religious believers. People did not care to listen to each other’s beliefs, which led to an overall lack of mutual respect among the groups. It is through Emily Bronte’s The Prisoner. A Fragment that the tensions based on religion can be seen through the male and female characters who represent the clashing groups in Victorian society. Religious believers in the Victorian society had amazing fervor for the word of God and believed that everything that occurred in life came from the hands of God. A good majority of the works written during the Victorian era expressed a belief that through the endurance of pain and suffering on Earth, the individual will be forever rewarded in Heaven. The Prisoner. A Fragment, by Emily Bronte is a clear demonstration of this belief as a heroic female prisoner demonstrates hope that her creator will save her after she endures her unjust punishment. The speaker in this work is a man visiting the prison, which is located in his father’s castle. He narrates the story looking back on his visit to the prison. He makes the audience aware that he never really cared nor did he pay attention to the lives that were slowly coming to an end in the crypts. He makes a comment to the jailor and is given a re... ...hinking along with the fall of the Church of England. Emily Bronte, through her male and female characters in A Prisoner. A Fragment ,is demonstrating the struggle and the feuding that took place between the religious and anti-religious groups that began to emerge during this time. Not only does she represent these two groups, she also makes strong comment on women. It is clear that Bronte is breaking the stereotype of the woman by using a strong female character to demonstrate their power, as well as their ability to lead and be heroes in a social, religious, and political movement that was the center of so much controversy during this era. Works Cited Christ, Carol T., Catherine Robson, Stephen Greenblatt, and M. H. Abrams. The Prisoner. A Fragment. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Vol. E. New York, NY: W.W. Norton &, 2006. 1315-316. Print.

Case: 7-Eleven Japan Co. Essay

Question 1: A convenience store chain attempts to be responsive and provide customers what they need, when they need it, where they need it. What are some different ways that a convenience store supply chain can be responsive? What are some risks in each case? A convenience store can be more responsive by doing exactly what Seven-Eleven Japan is doing; many locations, rapid replenishment, appropriate technology deployment, and an equally responsive supplier (vertical integration for many of their SKUs). The risks associated with this system are the costs coupled with demand uncertainty. If demand patterns change dramatically, or the customer base changes, then Seven-Eleven is left with an operation that is not needed. Offering variety of services in the case of this case study Seven Eleven offered attractive services to customers such as ski lift voucher pass, payment of mail order purchases, internet shopping, a meal service delivery, automatic teller machines installation in each store, pick up online services, electronic money service that allow customers to prepay and use a card or cell phone to make payments etc. on the other hand, a short coming might result due to the failure of one or more information system due to failure or break down. Question 2: Seven-Eleven’s supply chain strategy in Japan can be described as attempting to micro-match supply and demand using rapid replenishment. What are some risks associated with this choice? Question 3: What has 7-Eleven done in its choice of facility location, inventory management, transportation, and information infrastructure to develop capabilities that support its supply chain strategy in Japan? Information infrastructure: 7-Eleven implemented a Total Information System through which the company could efficiently share its information thus making its supply chain responsive. The system was installed within each store, headquarters, suppliers and vendors. And also the system linked all the stores with each other. The Total Information System comprises of POS registers, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), Graphic order terminal, scanner terminal and store computers. The data related to the sales as well as the purchaser is collected through the POS register for analysis. For efficient management of the inventory, the graphic order terminal, scanner terminal and store computers are used thus assists in improving both the efficiency and responsiveness. Inventory management: The store owner or the manager makes use of the graphic order terminal to place orders so as to replenish inventory in order of their arrangement on the store shelf. The owner had access to analysis of waste, 10 day and 10 week sales trends SKU, sales trends of new products, sales analysis by day and time etc that help him in forecasting demand. On the other hand, the Scanner terminal receives products from a distribution center and therefore monitors inventory by checking whether the order received matches with the original order placed. The store computer helps in tracking store inventory. Transportation: Trucks are used to transport goods to the stores. 7-Eleven makes use of a flexible distribution system which means that it can alter the delivery schedules according to the varying customer demand. Also, the suppliers send orders via trucks to the distribution centers. The latter cross docks inventory from supplier truck to distribution trucks. Moreover, to maintain the quality of the products, the distribution trucks are temperature controlled of four categories for different types of products such as frozen/ chilled foods, processed foods etc. Facility location: The facility location of 7-Eleven comprises of two types namely, the distribution centers and retail stores. 7-Eleven follows a market or area dominance strategy through which it forms clusters of stores in the area where already a 7- eleven store exists rather than having a handful of stores dispersed over a wide geographical area. Among the clusters there’s a distribution center which is surrounded by 7-Eleven stores. Approximately, there are 50-60 stores in each cluster. Question 4: 7-Eleven does not allow direct store delivery in Japan but has all products flow through its distribution center. What benefit does 7-Eleven derive from this policy? When is direct store delivery more appropriate? 7-Eleven has the policy of delivering its products to the retail stores via the distribution centers. Through these distribution centers, the replenishment cycles are reduced and a proper sales record can be maintained and monitored. Through the Point of Sale registers, signals can be transmitted to both the distribution centre and the supplier hence orders can be organized accordingly. Also, orders are sent directly to the distribution centre so that they can be allotted to the appropriate vehicle. A combined delivery system is used by 7- Eleven, in which four groups of temperature-controlled trucks are used to send fresh products. The trucks are sent several times a day during peak hours in order to avoid delays. Also, confidence is maintained between the supply chain partners and an additional person is not needed while the load is being received and checked. The process reduces delivery time. However this system might require a number of daily deliveries, but the number of trucks needed is much lesser therefore it reduces the delivery cost and facilitates a more prompt fresh food delivery. And hence the stock is continuously replenished. This network process ensures flexibility in the sense that it can alter the delivery schedules due to any demand fluctuations. There is a twelve-hour limit upon the restocking of food items. The disadvantages however include that the retail stores will have little control when the restocking takes place. Also, a number of stores rely on just one combined distribution centre. Also, if the system goes down while the delivery is at CDC, then all the stores can be affected and timely deliveries might not be possible. Hence accurate forecasts are needed. Direct delivery system might be a useful technique as the stores follow variant patterns. If the demand increases and a store require a greater number of deliveries then the demand can be met more efficiently as the deliveries can be made directly to the stores. Question 5: What do you think about the 7dream concept for 7-Eleven Japan? From a supply chain perspective, is it likely to be more successful in Japan or the United States? Why? In February 2000, 7-Eleven established 7dream.com, an ecommerce company, the goal of which was to exploit the existing distribution system and the fact that stores were easily accessible to most Japanese Stores served as drop-off and collection points for the customers and proved successful as 92% of their customers preferred to just pick up their goods from the local convenience store which they ordered online rather than have them delivered to their homes. This was understandable given the frequency with which Japanese customers visit their local convenience store. 7dream hoped to build on this preference along with the synergies from the existing distribution system as the company required an effective and efficient supply chain to cater to the demand of the customers who ordered online and provide the company with a time frame for delivery. From a supply chain perspective, it is believed that the 7dream concept is likely to be more successful in Japan than in the United States. The reason for saying so is that, the Japanese market is much smaller as compared to that of United State. In 2008, there were 12,071 stores in Japan where as the stores were nearly half the number in U.S that is 6,262. The density of stores in Japan was hence greater as the area of Japan is much smaller as compared to that of the U.S. and therefore, in Japan the company had a greater customer reach as 7–Eleven stores are easily accessible throughout Japan. The ecommerce company itself could probably be a greater success in U.S. however; it would be a better idea if the orders are directly sent home rather than have them delivered to the nearest 7-Eleven store. In this way, the company can tap in to a bigger market that is the U.S. market but get the goods delivered to the customer’s doorstep would be a better idea. Also, the stores in the U.S. were replenished using direct store delivery (DSD) by some manufacturers, with the remaining products delivered by wholesalers. DSD accounted for about half the total volume, with the rest coming from the wholesalers. This meant that direct delivery is a more popular concept in the U.S. Keeping into consideration the current strategy of the 7dream concept, it is more likely to be successful in Japan than in the United States. However, if the strategy is molded according to the U.S. market, it can become a greater success. Question 6: 7-Eleven is attempting to duplicate the supply chain structure that has succeeded in Japan in the United States with the introduction of CDC’s. What are the pros and cons of this approach? Keep in mind that stores are also replenished by wholesalers and DSD by manufacturers. After 7 Eleven acquired Southland Corporation they tried to improve their operations in America. The main improvement was an introduction of a new component in the supply chain completely novel to the US market. This component, the Combined Distribution Centers (CDCs), was however used in Japan at that time. Initially the stores in US used the Direct Store Delivery (DSD) in which stores were replenished by manufacturers accounting for half of the goods volume and the rest half was done by whole sellers. CDC delivered perishable products like bread, sandwiches and the rest of the bakery products. Pros Using CDC all perishable -food items would be delivered by a single distributor which would increase overall efficiency. Having fresh-food items at 7-Eleven convenience stores helped in users getting variety of fresh food from convenient locations. Uncertainty of delivery times was minimized by systematic delivery system. The inventory costs were low as fresh food items cannot be inventoried. With daily replenishment of fresh-food items, the stock would be fresh and it reduced consumer concerns of stale items to a large extent. Centralization gave a greater control to the management and more processes were now under the supervision of the company hence improving efficiency. Cons There could have been a difference in quality delivered through CDC and DSD. DSD was a tested system so company might be unwilling to shift to the new system as there is always a reluctance to change. In US stores fresh products may not sell very well. Training would be required for all the supply chain members as the new system tends to be more time sensitive. Manufacturers might not be willing to go with the idea of CDC’s as they might lose on their relative dollar revenues and with the loss in revenues they might also reduce control. As the new system would be very time specific, the supply chain might not be very responsive and if updates are required the company might lose on its sales. Question 7: The United States has food service distributors that also replenish convenience stores. What are the pros and cons to having a distributor replenish convenience stores versus a company like 7-Eleven managing its own distribution function? With the outsourcing decision in mind an organization always tries to outsource activities that lie beyond their core competencies and their scarce resources are wasted in performing tasks that they are not specialized at. With outsourcing the organization tries to focus on activities that they can do best. The advantage is that managing the distribution is the sole headache of the distributor and with his specialized expertise it might be more cost effective. However outsourcing does have its repercussions as well. The control over the quality of items and the replenishment time might not be as effective as doing the distribution yourself. With the outsourcing of distribution the communication gap can affect the replenishment distribution. However taking the advancements in communication and technology this statement may be rendered void. Convenience stores are successfully communicating with their distributors and make uninterrupted storage of data and information transmission from 3PL WMS to internal systems for real-time visibility of stock in hand and customer service. Moreover outsourcing decisions affect both the efficiency and responsiveness of the supply chain. A retail store can achieve improved efficiency by having a distributor replenish its stock, but he does not put his heart and effect they can have on their long term aims.

Investigating Membrane Permeability Essay Example

Investigating Membrane Permeability Essay Example Investigating Membrane Permeability Essay Investigating Membrane Permeability Essay à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 8 test tubescoea ear seeaeaw orea eak inea foea ea.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Test tube rackcodg dgr sedgdgw ordg dgk indg fodg dg!à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Measuring cylinderà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Bunsen burnerà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Knifeà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Beakerà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1 beetrootà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Dilute hydrochloric acidcobf bfr sebfbfw orbf bfk inbf fobf bf!à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Dilute sodium hydroxide solutioncobg bgr sebgbgw orbg bgk inbg fobg bg.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Ethanol abidzaman, please do not redistribute this paper. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate this paper elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanently banned.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Distilled watercogb gbr segbgbw orgb gbk ingb fogb gb:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Thermometerà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Tongscocb cbr secbcbw orcb cbk incb focb cb.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Tripodcofd fdr sefdfdw orfd fdk infd fofd fd:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Mat lGExVw Visit coursework cd in cd fo cd for cd more hypothesis cd Do cd not cd redistribute lGExVwà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Cork borerMethod:1. I first cut three discs each about 2mm thick from the cylinder, which was cut out of the beetroot using a corer and place them in a test tube containing 10cm3 distilled water. This was my test tube number1.coea ear seeaeaw orea eak inea foea ea.2. I then cut 21 more discs and rinse them under the running water, until the pink water collected in the beaker was clear.coeb ebr seebebw oreb ebk ineb foeb eb.3. I placed three of the 21 washed discs, in each four test tubes.cogf gfr segfgfw orgf gfk ingf fogf gf.To test tube 2 I added 10cm3 of distilled water This cours from www.coursework.infoTo test tube 3 I added 10cm3 of ethanol This coursework from www.coursework.infoTo test tube 4 I added 10cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid wEQIk Visit coursework gd in gd fo gd for gd more dissertation gd Do gd not gd redistribute wEQIkTo test tube 5 I added 10cm3 of dilute sodium hydroxide solution U1OJsuKR from U1OJsuKR coursewrok U1OJsuKR work U1OJsuKR info U1OJsuKR4. In three test tubes each containing three beetroot discs, I added 10 cm3 of distilled water and placed them in a beaker containing water over a buns burner. I also placed a thermometer in the beaker. 8yv from 8yv coursewrok 8yv work 8yv info 8yv5. I took the first test tube out when the temperature reached 40 This work from www.coursework.info6. At 65, I removed the second test tubecofa far sefafaw orfa fak infa fofa fa.7. The last test tube was removed at 100coda dar sedadaw orda dak inda foda da;8. I then compared the test tubes and recorded my results. abidzaman, please do not redistribute this writing. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate this writing elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanently banned.Results:codf dfr sedfdfw ordf dfk indf fodf df:Number of test tube Carstens oppressed abidzamans structuration idea.Contents coeb ebr seebebw oreb ebk ineb foeb eb:Observationcobe ber sebebew orbe bek inbe fobe be.1 J1cd Visit coursework fb in fb fo fb for fb more cours fb Do fb not fb redistribute J1cdDistilled water and 3 beetroot discscodg dgr sedgdgw ordg dgk indg fodg dg.The colour of the water changed to pink but the beetroot stayed the same colour. This coursework from www.coursework.info2 Austen obfuscated abidzamans functionalism theory.Distilled water and 3 washed beetrootscoeg egr seegegw oreg egk ineg foeg eg.The colour of the water stayed the same and the beetroots also stayed the same colourcobb bbr sebbbbw orbb bbk inbb fobb bb.3cofe fer sefefew orfe fek infe fofe fe.Ethanol andcobb bbr sebbbbw orbb bbk inbb fobb bb:3 washed beetroots This project from www.coursework.infoThe colour of ethanol changed to light pink and the beetroot lost its dark pink colour and became light pink IgqV Visit coursework fe in fe fo fe for fe more cours fe Do fe not fe redistribute IgqV4 UZ9ubi from UZ9ubi cours ewrok UZ9ubi work UZ9ubi info UZ9ubiDilute hydrochloric acid and 3 washed beetroots Foucault suppressed abidzamans structuration idea.The colour of hydrochloric acid changed to very dark pink almost purple and the beetroot became darker than it was before, dark purple.coef efr seefefw oref efk inef foef ef.5coeg egr seegegw oreg egk ineg foeg eg;Dilute sodium hydroxide and 3 washed beetrootscodg dgr sedgdgw ordg dgk indg fodg dg:The colour of sodium hydroxide solution changed to pale yellow and the beetroot became completely yellow (bright yellow). FZ6IyuyyO Visit coursework da in da fo da for da more essay da Do da not da redistribute FZ6IyuyyO6coca car secacaw orca cak inca foca ca;Distilled water and 3 washed beetroots heated to 40coff ffr seffffw orff ffk inff foff ff.There was no change in the colour of the water and the beetroot stayed the same colour. No change in both. This dissertation from www.coursework.info7coea ear seeaeaw orea eak inea foea ea.Distilled water and 3 was hed beetroots This writing from www.coursework.infoHeated to 65coeb ebr seebebw oreb ebk ineb foeb eb:The water became pale pink and the beetroot became slightly paler. This was mostly visible around the edges of the beetroot. Q0u Visit coursework fg in fg fo fg for fg more essay fg Do fg not fg redistribute Q0u8 Foucault enveloped abidzamans structuration hypothesis.Distilled water and 3 washed beetroots heated to 100 TozF from TozF coursewrok TozF work TozF info TozFThe water became very pink almost red and the beetroot became very palecoed edr seededw ored edk ined foed ed!Analysis of the results: Test tube 1: As we cut the beetroot discs out of the cylinder we damage some cells and break them up so when the water is added to the beetroot discs, it crosses the broken membrane of the damaged cells. Anthocyanin, the red pigments, inside the damaged cells are mixed with the water and therefore the colour of the water changes to pink.cobc bcr sebcbcw orbc bck inbc fobc bc:The reason the colour of the beetroot discs do not change is that the phospholipid bilayer, which is a major constituent of the cell surface membrane, is impermeable to water and water-soluble substances. Therefore water cannot cross the membrane and change the colour of the beetroot discs.cocd cdr secdcdw orcd cdk incd focd cd.Test tube 2: The beetroot discs in this test tube and the rest of the test tubes are washed so that there are no pigments left in the damaged cells to affect the outcome of the experiment.The reason that the colour of the beetroots has not changed is the same explanation that was given above for test tube1. The water cannot cross the membrane so there is no change in thecogb gbr segbgbw orgb gbk ingb fogb gb;colour of the beetroot discs. Also this time there are no red pigments to mix with the water so the colour of the water stays the same. This test tube acts as a control.Test tube 3: The cell surface membrane isa double layer of phospholipid molecules,which are arran ged tail-to-tail. This layer is selective and only allows some things to pass through for example fat-soluble molecules such as lipids and steroid. This essay from www.coursework.infoProtein pores Austen denied abidzamans marxism .Ethanol dissolves lipids therefore it is able to cross the membrane. Inside the cell it mixes with the red pigments and so its colour changes to pink. Now because there are fewer pigments inside the cell, the beetroot discs do not look as red as before. That is why they look lighter.Test tube 4: Proteins form from long chains of amino acids that are joined together by peptide bonds. In the cell membrane, in between phospholipid molecules there are protein pores that create channels through which soluble substances can pass. Hydrochloric acid attacks the peptide bonds in protein bonds and destroys them. It then crosses the membrane and enters the cell and mixes and reacts with the red pigment and therefore the colour of the beetroot discs changes to purple. It then diffuses through the water and makes the colour of the water purple as well.coaf afr seafafw oraf afk inaf foaf af.Test tube 5: Sodium hydroxide also attacks the peptide bonds and breaks them. However this solution has another affect. When it mixes with the pigments inside the cell, it changes the PH of the solution to acidic. This is clear because the colour of the solution is changed to yellow. This writing from www.coursework.infoTest tubes 6,7,8: Looking at the results of these test tubes, it is clear that the permeability of the cell membrane decreases as the temperature increases. This is because of the nature of the cell membrane and its protein pores. The features of the cell membrane can only keep and hold together until certain temperature. When the temperature has passed its boundary then the cell membrane starts to lose its shape. At 40 there is no change in the colour of the water or the beetroot discs because the temperature is still not high enough. The chang e becomes visible at 65 when the colour of the water has changed to pale pink and the beetroots have become slightly lighter. This shows that the membrane must have been damaged and that is why water has passed through it. Austen suppressed abidzamans marxism .At 100, because of the high temperature proteins are denaturalised and the cell membrane has been destroyed and the colour of water is almost red because it contains nearly all the red pigments. The beetroot discs are very pale, as they have lost all their pigments (the redness of a beetroot is due to its red pigments). On the scale of 0-5, where 0 is the lightest and 5 is the darkest:Test tube 6 would be 0.Test tube 7 would be 3Test tube 8 would be 5 .Conclusion Durkheim suppressed abidzamans realism .à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The cell surface membrane is impermeable to water and water-soluble substances Foucault suppressed abidzamans postmodernism .à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The beetroot can be used as sort of a universal indicatorà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The per meability of the cell membrane decreases with the increase of temperaturecocbImplementingSafety.To carry out the experiment fairly it was compulsory to ensure that the beetroot was diced into precisely one centimetre cubed segments. To obtain these segments we had to bore into the beetroot to obtain a cylinder shape with a constant diameter, to be sure that the borer couldnt harm us it was necessary to hold the beetroot securely making sure that your hand wasnt in the path of the borer, it was also important to screw the borer away from your body. The long cylinder had to then be dice using a sharp scalpel that cased less damage to the membranes, however it may have been dangerous if a person did not apply their full concentration when using. Users must be careful concerning how the scalpel was held and used.coda dar sedadaw orda dak inda foda da.Water baths were used to determine the effect of temperature on the permeability of the membrane; the water baths were set at varying temp erature up to 61 degrees C the higher temperature may have been painful if splashed on the skin therefore it was essential to take care when placing the test tubes in to the bathes. This coursework from www.coursework.infoThere were very little risks of serious injury, any accidents which may of occurred would have been down to lack of concentration on their parts.coeb ebr seebebw oreb ebk ineb foeb eb.Results-coed edr seededw ored edk ined foed ed.Temperature oc abidzaman, please do not redistribute this project. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate this project elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanently banned.Test tube 1 % of light absorbedcodg dgr sedgdgw ordg dgk indg fodg dg.Test tube 2 % of light absorbed This cours from www.coursework.infoAverage % of light absorbed This paper from www.coursework.info2 (Ice)cobg bgr sebgbgw orbg bgk inbg fobg bg!1 abidzaman, please do not redistribute this project. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate this project elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanently banned.0 70lJd from 70lJd coursewrok 70lJd work 70lJd info 70lJd0.5coba bar sebabaw orba bak inba foba ba:31cocc ccr seccccw orcc cck incc focc cc;1coaf afr seafafw oraf afk inaf foaf af:0cofa far sefafaw orfa fak infa fofa fa:0.5cofa far sefafaw orfa fak infa fofa fa.40 abidzaman, please do not redistribute this project. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate this project elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanently banned.2 This writing from www.coursework.info4cobc bcr sebcbcw orbc bck inbc fobc bc.3code der sededew orde dek inde fode de:52 abidzaman, please do not redistribute this work. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate this work elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanently banned.5 abidzaman, please do not redistribute this writing. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate this writing elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanently banned.1cobc bcr sebcbcw orbc bck inbc fobc bc!3 Heidegger enveloped abidzamans realism .61cogd gdr segdgdw orgd gdk ingd fogd gd.2coba bar sebabaw orba bak inba foba ba.6cobg bgr sebgbgw orbg bgk inbg fobg bg.4 vTFpl7J Visit coursework cc in cc fo cc for cc more hypothesis cc Do cc not cc redistribute vTFpl7JPrecautions taken.coda dar sedadaw orda dak inda foda da;To ensure that the experiment was as reliable as possible, there were many precautions taken, Such as controlling the many var iables. It was important to monitor that the water baths were a constant temperature; otherwise the result for a certain temperature wouldnt have been accurate. Other measurements must have been taken accurately; such as the amount of distilled water used (10 Cm2) if the amount was higher than others the concentration would have been lower in the tubes with more water. The segments of beetroot were measured and cut accurately otherwise the larger cubes would contain more pigment meaning the concentration would be higher in tubes containing larger cubes. Weber theorised abidzamans functionalism .Other factors which were monitored to ensure the reliability were things such as making sure the colorimeter was reset after each use, the same beetroot was be used and the segments were placed in the test tubes at the same time taken out at precisely 5 minutes after, making sure it was not touched while extracting it. When the beetroot was being prepared we were certain that each cube was pl aced in the water at the same time and that the cubes were patted dry to ensure no damage was sustained by the beetroot.coda dar sedadaw orda dak inda foda da.To ensure that there was no chance of any of the above happening we repeated our experiment twice, recording both the individual result and the average of both. abidzaman, please do not redistribute this paper. We work very hard to create this website, and we trust our visitors to respect it for the good of other students. Please, do not circulate this paper elsewhere on the internet. Anybody found doing so will be permanently banned.Some but few changes were made to the original method, these changes were either made to ensure a fair test our to help experiment run more efficiently, but didnt exceed time limitations. Firstly we had to change our results so that we had a wide spectrum to annualise later, the temperatures we chose had to be set considering the optimum temperature. If we set the temperatures at above. Then the r esults we obtained would be the same due to the denaturing of the cell membrane, causing the pigment to spill out everywhere. ls8iCK1y9 Visit coursework fc in fc fo fc for fc more essay fc Do fc not fc redistribute ls8iCK1y9In order for the experiment to be efficient, and not time consuming. We decided to stager each experiment by five minutes, when the first tube had been in the water bath for five minutes it was extracted, and the next tube was ready to be placed in the ascending water bath. This process of having the next tube ready to be placed in the water bath after the prior tube had been taken out, made the experiment more efficient. Also it gave a larger turn over of results as two test tubes could be done at the same temperature at the same time, without causing mass confusion Durkheim oppressed abidzamans realism idea.Analysing and concludingInterpreting data. This cours from www.coursework.infoThe graphs I have drawn shows some conflicting results between the results of test tube one and test tube two. Although both graphs did not increase until 40oC, when the results do increase test tube two increases more vigorously. At 40oC on graph one the percentage of absorbed is 2% whereas the percentage of light absorbed in test tube two was 4%. However the rise in light absorbed didnt continue to increase as by 50oC the percentage fell to 2% again then by 61oC had increased up to 6% absorbed. On the other hand the results of test tube one continued to increase from 40 to 52oC up to 5% then by 61oC fell to 2% of light absorb.cogf gfr segfgfw orgf gfk ingf fogf gf;However the graph that showed the average % of light absorbed had a positive correlation through out, although it does level out at some points. For example from 2 to 31oC the percentage stays at 0.5 percent. The final graph compares all three sets of results that were obtained and shows the differences between the results of test tube one and two. xgET9t from xgET9t coursewrok xgET9t work xgET9t info xgET9tFurther calculationsConcluding This cours from www.coursework.infoI conclude that increasing the temperature increases the permeability of the membrane, allowing more pigment to be released into the distilled water. See graph 3. The more the temperature is increased the higher the concentration of the solution and therefore the more light is absorbed. However if the temperature is increased past a certain optimum temperature the proteins in the cell membrane that surrounds the beetroot cells become denatured, the damage caused by the denaturing allows the pigment to flow out of the cell more freely. Therefore if the cell membrane became denatured the percentage of light absorbed would increase. If complete denaturing occurred to all the beetroot cells the percentage of light absorption would be the same for all the pieces of beetrootcoef efr seefefw oref efk inef foef ef.Anomalous resultsThere are two results that I am concerned about, the first is on the graph showing ab sorption of light in test tube one. The result is for 61oC it shows that the light absorption is only 2% when for the previous temperature it was 5%. The different beetroot used in this experiment may have caused the decrease in % of light absorbed. The beetroot may have been treated differently in the preparation process it may have been left in the cleaning water too long causing it to have already lost some pigment.cogb gbr segbgbw orgb gbk ingb fogb gb.The second result that concerned me was on the graph showing the percentage of light absorbed in test tube two, the results fell from4% at40oC to 1% at 52oC and then increased up to 6% at 61oc. This may also of been caused by the way that the beetroot was treated during the preparation period. Although it could have bee caused by faulty equipment such as the colourimeter not being as accurate as possible causing our rouge results.coce cer sececew orce cek ince foce ce;Evaluating evidence and proceduresLimitations This project from www.coursework.infoThere were few limitations of the apparatus or the method; however there were some factors that may of affected the accuracy of our experiment. Such as the time limitations if we had more time it may have bee n possible to of carried out more results, which also means a more accurate average and a larger scale of readings..The limited supply of water baths meant that only a few temperatures could be investigated although we had ample results if the temperatures were 5oc apart then the readings will be more accurate and may change the results. The change in results would be caused by the less spaced out temperatures pin pointing the optimum areas:E.g. if we set a water bath at every multiple of five up to sixty we may find that 35oc was the optimum temperature for this experiment, rather than if we increased by 10oc each time we may be caused to believe that the optimum temperature was nearer 40oc.Also the temperature of the water baths were not set entirely accur ately, which may have a similar affect as the one stated earlier. This may cause us to miss a vital reading.The method we used slightly impaired our ability to carry out more than two repeats at once, if we had been more organised and worked as a larger group more repeats may have been done. Therefore boosting the amount of individual results and also making our average more accurate. The Individuality of the beetroot may have caused our results to be different from other peoples in the class. Just like humans have different amounts of pigment in their skin so do beetroot, our specific beetroot may have contained less pigment. Therefore causing the % of light absorbed to be lower..Effect of limitationsI dont believe that these limitations will have a great affect on the over all results of our experiment, due to the fact that the results we have obtained from the original and repeat were very similar in most cases. Although there are some anomalous results, this does not seem to hav e affected the average as it still increases with the increase of the temperature. Which would have been expected due to the temperature increasing the permeability of the beetroot cell membrane allowing more pigment to pass through.The wider range of temperatures would have enabled us to pin point the temperature at which the cell membrane becomes denatured, which would of made the experiment more accurate, however this didnt affect our experiment a lot because we were investigating the effect of temperature on a cell membrane which can be clearly seen by our results. The reliability of our apparatus didnt affect us either because the result increase as we would of expected. The accuracy of our results could be tested against other groups or against other repeats. BGZU from

Free Essays on John Singer Sargent

Perhaps one of the most well-known painters of the 19th and early 20th centuries, John Singer Sargent specialized in portraiture of the more influential and well off men and women of the era. Presidents Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt, oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller, novelists Robert Louis Stevenson and Henry James, actress Ellen Terry and art patron Isabella Stewart Gardner all sruck their best poses for him. Raised in Europe by an American emigrant family, Sargent attended art schools in Paris. Extremely gifted, he soon received lessons from the old masters, the contemporary Impressionists and the Spanish painters Velzquez and Goya, producing a spectacular array of exciting and masterful paintings while only in his 20s. At the 1884 Paris Salon, however, his portrait of the 23-year-old American Virginie Gautreau, shown with bare shoulders, overflowing bosom and haughty manner, scandalized the Paris establishment. The picture, which became known as Madame X, crippled Sargent's hopes of establishing himself as a portrait painter in Paris. In 1886 he moved to London, and in just a few years became the most admired and sought-after portrait painter in Britain and the United States. But Sargent was much more than a portrait painter. He was also a terrific landscape and figure artist, producing more than 1,000 dazzling oils and watercolors. For example, his Valdemosa, Majorca which is a watercolor of Brush and Thistles shown on a hillside. Although the paniting is very impressionistic, the lighter colors of the leaves really bring the brush forward towards the onlooker’s eye. He tends to fill the entire space on the paper with his dark backgrounds contrasted against his lighter foregrounds. He uses a great mixture of warm colors to show where the sunlit sky shines towards the brush. I have always been one whom enjoys impressionist pieces of work, but Sargent’s paintings have always stood out to me from the rest. ... Free Essays on John Singer Sargent Free Essays on John Singer Sargent Perhaps one of the most well-known painters of the 19th and early 20th centuries, John Singer Sargent specialized in portraiture of the more influential and well off men and women of the era. Presidents Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt, oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller, novelists Robert Louis Stevenson and Henry James, actress Ellen Terry and art patron Isabella Stewart Gardner all sruck their best poses for him. Raised in Europe by an American emigrant family, Sargent attended art schools in Paris. Extremely gifted, he soon received lessons from the old masters, the contemporary Impressionists and the Spanish painters Velzquez and Goya, producing a spectacular array of exciting and masterful paintings while only in his 20s. At the 1884 Paris Salon, however, his portrait of the 23-year-old American Virginie Gautreau, shown with bare shoulders, overflowing bosom and haughty manner, scandalized the Paris establishment. The picture, which became known as Madame X, crippled Sargent's hopes of establishing himself as a portrait painter in Paris. In 1886 he moved to London, and in just a few years became the most admired and sought-after portrait painter in Britain and the United States. But Sargent was much more than a portrait painter. He was also a terrific landscape and figure artist, producing more than 1,000 dazzling oils and watercolors. For example, his Valdemosa, Majorca which is a watercolor of Brush and Thistles shown on a hillside. Although the paniting is very impressionistic, the lighter colors of the leaves really bring the brush forward towards the onlooker’s eye. He tends to fill the entire space on the paper with his dark backgrounds contrasted against his lighter foregrounds. He uses a great mixture of warm colors to show where the sunlit sky shines towards the brush. I have always been one whom enjoys impressionist pieces of work, but Sargent’s paintings have always stood out to me from the rest. ...